Principles | One Torah For All

Rabbinical Seminary International and New Synagogue Statement of Principles

As a graduate of the Rabbinical Seminary International, Rabbi Dr. Adele wishes to share the cherished principles which guide the members and graduates of the Seminary, RSI:

1. We affirm the beauty, the value and the significance of the Jewish faith as the primary source of our spiritual teachings.

2. We believe that, from the beginning, the Jewish faith has evolved to meet changing historical conditions.

3. WE BELIEVE IN THE ONE GOD OF ALL HUMANITY.

4. We believe that meditation or inward spiritual seeking is one of the instruments used to attune to the Divine Presence that is the very core of human nature.

5. We emphasize affirmative power over petitionary prayer.

6. We believe that new and renewed forms of individual and communal prayer (such as meditations, visualizations, and affirmations such as in song) can enhance the real purposes of the prayer experience.

7. We hold that one of the most important purposes of religion is healing.

8. We affirm that each human being is part of this healing process, called in the tradition Tikun Olam, the healing of the world.

9. WE AFFIRM THE EXTRAORDINARILY RICH TEACHINGS OF THE JEWISH FAITH IS, FOR US, THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECT OF JUDAISM.

10. We believe that a Judaism that emphasizes the spiritual facet of our faith is an authentic Jewish expression that has its roots in the Tanach [Bible].

11. The closer contact that exists today among the diverse ethnic, cultural, racial, and religious groups of humanity leads us to a deeper sense of the oneness of humanity.

12. Spiritual Judaism is a non-dogmatic, non-legalistic, liberal spiritual path that welcomes all people who seek to attune to the presence of the Holy One in their lives as the source of health, abundance, joy, love, and wholeness.

"Seven Laws of Noah"

The Jewish idea is that the Torah of Moses is a truth for all humanity, whether Jewish or not. The Torah (as explained in the Talmud - Sanhedrin 58b) presents seven mitzvot for non-Jews to observe. These seven laws are the pillars of human civilization, and are named the "Seven Laws of Noah," since, as recorded in the Torah, all humans are descended from Noah. They are:

Do not murder.
Do not steal.
Do not worship false gods.
Do not commit adultery.
Do not eat a limb removed from a live animal.
Do not curse God.
Set up courts and bring offenders to justice.

Maimonides contended that any human being who faithfully observes these laws earns a proper place in heaven. So you see, as Bnei Noach all humanity can follow the precepts of the Torah, no conversion necessary.

For Jews, Maimonides outlined 13 Principles, not all of which are universally agreed upon. Check them out below.

Clearly Jews have more obligations and responsibilities...

Our Mission Statement

Beit Torah of the Greater Prescott area in Arizona, is dedicated to providing an open door environment for strengthening and enhancing Jewish values and identity to all people, regardless of background, color, philosophy or level of commitment.

We serve individuals and families looking for a non-judgmental, accepting, personalized Jewish experience while offering “Judaism with a Smile”, a home away from home for everyone who walks through our doors.

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With men and women treated with equal standing, we aim to serve the members of the Jewish Community wherever they are at in their spiritual journey. At present, we are a small fledgling group of dedicated people seeking greater spiritual understanding of our roots. We welcome others to join us in that search. Our goal is to offer, eventually, a range of activities so that Jews from all backgrounds can find a comfortable niche for themselves. People who are active in our ranks range from orthodox to humanistic, but each has found an area of interest to focus on.

As unaffiliated Jews, we draw on a variety of Jewish sources in our services and study sessions. Our Prayer Booklets are based on Egalitarian, Jewish Federation, and similar materials with transliteration available to those with limited Hebrew backgrounds. We have access to transliteration of Reform, Conservative, and Orthodox services. One focus of our religious school is to teach people to read Hebrew, but more importantly is to share the beauty and spirit of our religion's teachings on how to live a good life of Tikun Olam, Repair of the World. Anyone wishing to help in this important mission, please contact (928)237-0390.

Some thoughts on living a good life are included in these following. They are not dogma, but rather statements that provide potential pathways to doing mitzvot, good deeds, and helping in repair of the world. Belief is individual and should not and can not be dictated. However these statements represent widely held beliefs and hence are presented as educational and potentially helpful to the seeker who wishes to help in pursuing mitzvot [good deeds] and Tikun Olam, Repair of the World.

Rambam's 13 Principles

Please note that Maimonides taught that in the time of Moshiach life will go on much as we know it except that all people will get along cooperatively and in peace and prosperity. Also he does not define Moshiach as required to be one man. Mishnah Torah Melachim XII: 1,2,4,5

Further anything on resurrection speaks only of a legacy in the future but not whether it will be of a physical nature. Further, Rabbi Adele suspects that the teaching is not to hate the apostate but rather to reject [poor translation]. Rambam has many teachings against hatred. Indeed he teaches that we need to honor and respect heretics with trust, peace, and honesty unless they try to defame our sages for which we would respond in kind. Responsa II, 449 There are parallel teachings in Islam.

There may be other mistranslations in the text below. However the overall gist will remain the same. If there is a section that troubles you or is unclear, please contact Rabbi Adele to discuss it. [ansheitorah@gmail.com] This is material with many layers of understanding and often needs to be understood in the context of other writings of Maimonides and through discussion with others about such interconnected writings.

Maimonides’ 13 Foundations of Judaism

Translated and updated by Marc Mermelstein

posted by David

Due to the vital importance of these principles, as you will read in Maimonides’ closing remark, I wish to make them available for all to read. I thank Marc Mermelstein for his efforts in this translation. These 13 Principles compiled by Maimonides outline his view of Judaism’s tenets for Jews. Maimonides felt one must acknowledge these truths in order to be considered a Jew, and in order to partake in the World to Come as a Jew. To partake in the world to come as a non-Jew would be with the common acceptance of the Noahide laws as explained in the Laws for All Nations section of this website.

(To read the original Hebrew of Maimonides Principles, see the end of Talmud Sanhedrin, Maimonides’ commentary on the Mishna.)

The 13 Foundations of Judaism

Principle I. To know the existence of the Creator

To believe in the existence of the Creator, and this Creator is perfect in all manner of existence. He is the cause of all existence. He causes them to exist and they exist only because of Him. And if you could contemplate a case, such that He was not to exist…then all things would cease to exist and there would remain nothing. And if you were to contemplate a case, such that all things would cease to exist aside from the Creator, His existence would not cease. And He would lose nothing; and oneness and kingship is His alone. Hashem of strength is His name because He is sufficient with His own existence, and sufficient [is] just Him alone, and needs no other. And the existences of the angels, and the celestial bodies, and all that is in them and that which is below them…all need Him for their existence. And this is the first pillar and is attested to by the verse, “I am HaShem your God.”

Principle II. The unity of God

Meaning to say to accept that this is the quintessential idea of Oneness. It is not like the oneness of a pair (i.e. pair of shoes - one group) and not one like a species. And not like man that has many individual (members) nor like a body that divides into many different parts until no end (every part being divisible). Rather, God is one and there is no other oneness like His. This is the second principle and is taught in what it says, “Hear Israel, HaShem is Our God, HaShem is one.”

Principle III. The denial of physicality in connection with God

This is to accept that this Oneness that we have mentioned above (Principle II) is not a body and has no strength in the body, and has no shape or image or relationship to a body or parts thereof. This is why the Sages of blessed memory said with regards to heaven there is no sitting, nor standing, no awakeness, nor tiredness. This is all to say that He does not partake of any physical actions or qualities. And if He were to be a body then He would be like any other body and would not be God. And all that is written in the holy books regarding descriptions of God, they are all anthropomorphic. Thus said our great Rabbis of blessed memory, “The Torah speaketh in man’s language” (i.e. using human terms to offer some understanding). And the Rabbis have already spoken at length on this issue. This is the third pillar and is attested to by the verse, “For you saw no image” meaning that you did not see an image or any form when you stood at Sinai because as we have just said, He has no body, nor power of the body.

Principle IV. God’s Antiquity

This is that God existed prior to everything, and exists after everything. This is proved many times throughout scripture and is attested to by the verse, “Meuna Elokei kedem.”

Principle V. That God, blessed be He is worthy that we serve Him, to glorify Him, to make known His greatness, and to do His commands

But not to do this to those that are below Him in the creation. Not to the angels or to the stars or the planets or anything else, for they are all created things in nature and in their functioning, there is no choice or judgment except by God Himself. Also it is not fitting to serve them as intermediaries to God. Only to God should you incline your thoughts and your actions. This is the fifth principle and it warns against idolatry and most of the Torah speaks out against this.

Principle VI. Prophecy

And this is that it is known to man that this (prophet) is a type of man who are created beings of great stature and perfection of the character traits. Who have tremendous knowledge until a different intelligence attaches to them when the intelligence of the person clings to the intelligence of God and it rests upon him. And these are the prophets; and this is prophecy; and the idea of it. The explanation of it is very long and the intention is not to bring a sign for every fundamental and to explain it all, encompassing of all knowledge (i.e. God’s knowledge) but it is mentioned to us in a story form and all of the Torah attests to this.

Principle VII. The prophetic capacity of Moses our Teacher, peace be upon him

And this is that we accept that he was the father of all prophets that were before him and that will be after him. He was on a qualitatively different level than any other, and he is chosen from all other people before and after him of any that have any knowledge of God; for his was the greatest. And he, peace be upon him, rose to the levels of the angels. He was granted all areas of knowledge and prophecy and his physical attributes did not diminish. His knowledge was different and it is through this difference that it is ascribed to him that he spoke to God without any intermediary or angel.

My intention was to explain this puzzling concept and to open up the sealed areas in the Torah regarding the verses of “face to face” and other similar references, but its length would be tremendous and it would require numerous proofs from the Torah and other sources and encompass many areas. Even to write it the briefest of briefest it would require 100 pages, so I will save it and write it in another book. I will now return to the intent of this seventh fundamental that the prophecy of Moses our teacher, peace be upon him, was different from all others in 4 ways:

1) Regarding all other prophets, God spoke to them through intermediaries. Regarding Moses, it was without one, as it says, “face to face I spoke to him”.

2) Regarding all other prophets, prophecy came to them at night while they were asleep in a dream as it says, “in a dream of the night” and other such references; or in the day but only after a deep sleep-like state came over them, and all their senses were shut off except their thoughts. Not so by Moses. Moses would receive a prophecy any time when he would stand between the two figures [fixed] on the ark, as God attests to it, “and I will make it known to you there” and “not so my servant Moses. Face to face I speak to him.”

3) When a prophet would receive prophecy he would not be able to stand the intense effect and he would shake and not be able to stand, as it relates regarding Daniel in his encounter with the angel Gabriel. Regarding Moses, he did not suffer from this. As it says, “Face to face do I speak to him as a person speaks to his friend”. And even though this is the greatest connection to God, still, he did not suffer.

4) All other prophets could not receive prophecy at their will, [but] only when God desired to tell them. Some would go days or months without prophecy. Even if they wanted or needed something, sometimes it would be days or months or years or even never that they would be told [a prophecy]. Some would have people play music to put them in a good mood such as Elisha. But Moses, peace be upon him, received prophecy whenever he wanted, as it says, “Stand here and listen to what God will tell you what to do” and “God said to Moses tell Aaron your brother that he can’t come to the holy of holies at any time [he wants]”. Our rabbis said, “Aaron was prohibited to come whenever he wanted, but not Moses."

Principle VIII. That the Torah is from heaven [God]

And this is that you believe that all of this Torah that was given by Moses our teacher, peace be upon him, that it is all from the mouth of God. Meaning that it was received by him entirely from God. And it is not known how Moses received it except by Moses himself, peace be upon him, that it came to him. That he was like a stenographer that you read to him and he writes all that is told to him: all the events and dates, the stories, and all the commandments. There is no difference between “And the sons of Cham were Kush, and Mitzraim, and his wife was Mehatbe’el” and “Timnah was his concubine” and “I am HaShem your God” and “Hear Israel [HaShem your God, HaShem is one]” for it was all given by God. And it is all HaShem’s perfect Torah; pure, holy, and true. And he who says that these verses or stories, Moses made them up, he is a denier of our sages and prophets worse than all other types of deniers [form of heretic] for he thinks that what is in the Torah is from man’s flawed heart and the questions and statements and the dates and stories are of no value for they are from Moses Rabbeinu, peace be upon him. And this area is that he believes the Torah is not from heaven. And on this our sages of blessed memory said, “he who believes that the Torah is from heaven except this verse that God did not say it but rather Moses himself did [he is a denier of all the Torah].” And this that God spoke this and that, each and every statement in the Torah, is from God and it is full of wisdom (each statement) and benefit to those who understand them. And its depth of knowledge is greater than all of the land and wider than all the seas and a person can only go in the path of David, the anointed of the God of Jacob who prayed and said “Open my eyes so that I may glance upon the wonders of Your Torah” (Psalms 119). And similarly the explanation of the Torah was also received from God and this is what we use today to know the appearance and structure of the sukka and the lulav and the shofar, tzitzis, tefillin and their usage. And all this God said to Moses and Moses told to us. And he is trustworthy in his role as the messenger and the verse that teaches of this fundamental is what is written (Numbers 16) “And Moses said, with this shall you know that HaShem sent me to do all these actions (wonders) for they are not from my heart.”

Principle IX. The completeness of the Torah

And this is that the Torah is from God and is not lacking. That to it you can’t add or take away from. Not from the written Torah or from the oral Torah, as it says, “Do not add to it and do not take away from it.” (Deut 3). And we already explained what needs to be explained about this fundamental at the beginning of this essay.

Principle X. That God knows man’s actions and does not remove His eye from them

His knowledge is not like someone who says God abandoned the land but rather like it says (Jer. 32) “Great in council and mighty in deed, Your eyes are cognizant to all the ways of mankind.” “And God saw for the evil of man on the land had grown greatly.” (Gen. 6) And it says, “The disgust of Sodom and Amorrah is great” and this demonstrates the 10th principle.

Principle XI. That God gives reward to he who does the commandments of the Torah and punishes those that transgress its admonishments and warnings

And the great reward is the life of the world to come and the punishment is the cutting off of the soul [in the world to come]. And we already said regarding this topic what these are. And the verse that attests to this principle is (Exodus 32) “And now if You would but forgive their sins - and if not erase me from this book that You have written.” And God answered him, “He who sinned against Me I will erase from My book.” This is a proof that God knows the sinner and the fulfiller in order to mete out reward to one and punishment to the other.

Principle XII. The era of the Messiah

And this is to believe that in truth that he will come and that you should be waiting for him even though he delays in coming. And you should not calculate times for him to come, or to look in the verses of Tanach to see when he should come. The sages say: The wisdom of those who calculate times [of his coming] is small and that you should believe that he will be greater and more honored than all of the kings of Israel since the beginning of time as it is prophesied by all the prophets from Moses our teacher, peace be upon him, until Malachi, peace be upon him. And he who doubts or diminishes the greatness of the Messiah is a denier in all the Torah for it testifies to the Messiah explicitly in the portion of Bilam and the portion of “You are gathered (towards the end of Deut)”. And part of this principle that there is no king of Israel except from the house of David and from the seed of Solomon alone. And anyone who disputes this regarding this family is a denier of the name of God and in all the words of the prophets.

Principle XIII. Resurrection of the dead

And we have already explained it And when the person will believe all these fundamentals and his faith will be clear in them he enters into the nation of Israel and it is a mitzva to love him and to have mercy on him and to act to him according to all the ways in which God commanded us regarding loving your neighbor. And even if he did all of the sins in the Torah due to desire of the emotions, and from his physical aspect’s conquering him, he will be punished for his sins, but he still has a share in the world to come and is among the sinners of Israel. However if he rejects one of these fundamentals he leaves the nation and is a denier of the fundamentals and is called a heretic, a denier, etc., and it is a mitzva to hate him and to destroy him (financially - not physically to kill him. And not to steal either). And regarding him it is said (Psalms 139) “Behold will not the enemy of God be my enemy?”

I have expounded at length many things and I have left the topic of my composition but I have done it for I saw a need in the dealings of the fundamentals of faith and I have gathered together many different and spread out areas. Therefore know them and succeed in understanding them and review them many times and know them very well [i.e. not just memorization but to understand fully and to be able to support them and know their proofs]. Therefore if after one or ten times you think you have understood them, God knows that you are just involved in falsehood. Therefore do not read them quickly because I have not written them as it suddenly entered into my mind. But rather, after a deep and careful study of the whole area and after I have seen many clear and true ideas and I have seen what is proper to believe of them [as the fundamentals] and I have brought proofs and logical demonstrations for each and every one of them. May it be God’s will that I have been correct, that He helped me through this area on the good path and now I will return to my explanation of this chapter [in the Talmud].